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White Rhinoceros

Ceratotherium simum
White Rhinoceros
Photo: Payamfarahani — CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Overview

White Rhinoceros appears on the Exotic Wildlife Association species list as Rhinoceros (White) — ESA: Threatened; CITES: Appendix II. [1]

Native range

Historically, northwestern Uganda, southern Chad, south-western Sudan, the eastern part of center African Republic, and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo were the native places for northern white rhinoceroses ( Ceratotherium simum cottoni ). [2]

Size

1,000–3,600 kg (ADW range). [2]

Lifespan

46 to 50 years (wild, average); 39 to 43 years (wild, typical); 27 to 30 years (captivity, typical). [2]

Breeding & gestation

Gestation 530–550 days; offspring per birth: 1; females mature at 3 to 5 years. [2]

Temperament & social structure

Not verified from a primary source for this page.

Habitat needs

Typical habitat for white rhinocerose includes dense forests, savannas, and woodlands with grassy openings. ADW biomes: savanna or grassland, forest, scrub forest. [2]

Where they thrive (Texas / US)

Not verified from a primary source for this page.

Space per animal

No verified species-specific stocking rate was found. Carrying capacity depends on rainfall, range condition and competing grazers—get a range/stocking assessment (NRCS or Texas A&M AgriLife).

Housing & shelter

Not verified from a primary source for this page.

Fencing

No primary-source fencing standard was verified for this species; get containment advice from an experienced keeper or veterinarian.

Natural diet

White rhinoceroses are strictly herbivores. Their general diets include thick bush covers and short grasses. ADW diet type: herbivore, folivore. [2]

Feed & supplementation

No verified species-specific diet formulation was found for this page; follow a veterinarian or nutritionist.

Common health issues & parasites

No verified species-specific health list for this page; consult a veterinarian experienced with this species.

Vet care & vaccination

No vaccines are labeled for this species in the US; any vaccination protocol is extra-label and should be set by a veterinarian experienced with exotic hoofstock. (No specific protocol was verified for this page.)

Handling & capture

Capture myopathy—muscle damage from pursuit, restraint and transport—is often fatal in wild ungulates. Minimize chase time and stress, avoid hot conditions, use appropriate chemical immobilization by a vet, and release/unload quickly. [3]

Conservation status

IUCN Red List: Near Threatened. [4]

Legal notes (general info, not legal advice)

Listed Threatened under the US Endangered Species Act (per the EWA list; confirm current status on USFWS ECOS). Interstate sale or transport of ESA-listed animals requires federal authorization. CITES: Appendix II. General information, not legal advice. USDA APHIS licensing under the Animal Welfare Act applies to dealers and exhibitors; check USDA and your state wildlife and animal-health agencies before buying, moving or selling. [1][5][6]

Sources

  1. Exotic Wildlife Association – Endangered Species List (ESA status & CITES appendix)
  2. Animal Diversity Web (Univ. of Michigan) – Ceratotherium simum
  3. Breed et al. 2019, Understanding capture myopathy (Conservation Physiology, PMC6612673)
  4. IUCN Red List – Ceratotherium simum (assessment page)
  5. USFWS ECOS – Listed Animals (current ESA status)
  6. USDA APHIS – Animal Welfare Act licensing & registration

Figures are taken from the numbered sources; items marked "not verified" could not be confirmed from a primary source and are intentionally left blank. Husbandry guidance is general—confirm with an exotic-animal veterinarian.